PhosphoSens DYRK1A Protein Kinase Assays, Substrates & Recombinant Enzymes

DYRK1A (Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A) belongs to the DYRK subfamily of the CMGC kinase group, characterized by their ability to phosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. DYRK1A undergoes autophosphorylation on a conserved tyrosine residue (Tyr321) within its activation loop during translation, a unique cis-autophosphorylation mechanism that locks the kinase in a constitutively active conformation. Key substrates include tau (phosphorylation at Thr212), NFAT transcription factors, cyclin D1, and the splicing factor SRSF6, placing DYRK1A at the crossroads of neuronal development, cell cycle regulation, and alternative splicing. The kinase is encoded on chromosome 21 and is overexpressed in Down syndrome (trisomy 21), contributing to intellectual disability and early-onset Alzheimer's disease pathology. DYRK1A haploinsufficiency causes a distinct intellectual disability syndrome, underscoring its dosage sensitivity. These roles make DYRK1A a compelling therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disease, Down syndrome cognitive deficits, and certain cancers including glioblastoma and leukemia.